非典型大西洋尼诺对中国东部前、后汛期降水的影响          下载免费PDF全文

杨萌洲  袁潮霞 《大气科学学报》2024,47(2):260-272

采用1979—2020年共42 a的降水观测和再分析资料,使用多变量EOF、傅立叶滤波、线性回归、T-N波通量等方法,研究了非典型大西洋尼诺(Non-Canonical Atlantic Niño,NCA)对中国东部夏季前、后汛期降水的影响及物理机制。结果显示,NCA在前汛期引起中国南方降水增加,但在后汛期导致华南沿海地区降水减少而北方降水增加。这是由于在前汛期,NCA的暖海温异常位于热带北大西洋,可通过“风-蒸发-海表温度”正反馈引起拉尼娜,进而激发西北太平洋异常反气旋,其西北侧的异常西南气流有助于将暖湿水汽输送至我国南方,导致前汛期南方降水增加。在后汛期,NCA的暖海温异常南移至赤道大西洋,通过调节沃克环流增强拉尼娜,使得西北太平洋异常反气旋进一步增强并覆盖华南地区,导致华南降水减少而北方降水增加。此外,与NCA相关的东传罗斯贝波列在前/后汛期位于副热带/中高纬地区,其在我国东部引起的环流异常也有助于NCA在前/后汛期影响我国南/北方降水。  相似文献   

Periods of rapid environmental change around 12 500 and 10 000 years B.P., as recorded in Swiss lake deposits     

Brigitta Ammann 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1988,1(4):269-277

In the sediment of three Swiss lakes at a range of altitude from 514 to 2017 m, the Bölling and the Preboreal are recognized as two periods of rapid biotic changes. The main reason is rapid climatic change that triggered shifts in different groups of aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Although these groups would be expected to have very different response times, e.g., to increasing summer temperature, their assemblages responded with surprizing synchroneity. For extracting climatic signals from stratigraphies, the quickly responsive indicators like oxygen isotopes or beetles are useful. For understanding ecological dynamics under a changing climate, the comparison of biota with various response time are important.This is the sixth of a series of papers to be published by this journal that was presented in the paleolimnology sessions organized by R. B. Davis and H. Löffler for the XIIth Congress of the International Union for Quaternary Research (INQUA), which took place in Ottawa, Canada in August 1987. Drs. Davis and Löffler are serving as guest editors of this series.  相似文献   

Global fits for the spectral index of the cosmological curvature perturbation     

Laura Covi  David H. Lyth 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,326(3):885-893

Best-fitting values of the spectral index of the curvature perturbation are presented, assuming the ΛCDM cosmology. Apart from the spectral index, the parameters are the Hubble parameter, the total matter density and the baryon density. The data points are intended to represent all measurements that are likely to affect the result significantly. The cosmic microwave anisotropy is represented by the COBE normalization, and heights of the first and second peaks are given by the latest Boomerang and Maxima data. The slope of the galaxy correlation function and the matter density contrast on the 8  h ⁻¹ Mpc scale are each represented by a data point, as are the expected values of the Hubble parameter and matter density. The 'low-deuterium' nucleosynthesis value of the baryon density provides a final data point, the fit giving a value higher by about one standard deviation. The reionization epoch is calculated from the model by assuming that it corresponds to the collapse of a fraction f ≳10⁻⁴ of matter. We consider the case of a scale-independent spectral index, and also the scale-dependent spectral index predicted by running mass models of inflation. In the former case, the result is compared with the prediction of models of inflation based on effective field theory, in which the field value is small on the Planck scale. A detailed comparison is made with other fits, and other approaches to the comparison with theory.  相似文献   

Late Quaternary deglaciation and climate history of the Larsemann Hills (East Antarctica)     

Elie Verleyen  Dominic A. Hodgson  Koen Sabbe  Wim Vyverman 《第四纪科学杂志》2004,19(4):361-375

The Late Quaternary climate history of the Larsemann Hills has been reconstructed using siliceous microfossils (diatoms, chrysophytes and silicoflagellates) in sediment cores extracted from three isolation lakes. Results show that the western peninsula, Stornes, and offshore islands were ice‐covered between 30 000 yr BP and 13 500 cal. yr BP. From 13 500 cal. yr BP (shortly after the Antarctic Cold Reversal) the coastal lakes of the Larsemann Hills were deglaciated and biogenic sedimentation commenced. Between 13 500 and 11 500 cal. yr BP conditions were warmer and wetter than during the preceding glacial period, but still colder than today. From 11 500 to 9500 cal. yr BP there is evidence for wet and warm conditions, which probably is related to the early Holocene climate optimum, recorded in Antarctic ice cores. Between 9500 and 7400 cal. yr BP dry and cold conditions are inferred from high lake‐water salinities, and low water levels and an extended duration of nearshore sea‐ice. A second climate optimum occurred between 7400 and 5230 cal. yr BP when stratified, open water conditions during spring and summer characterised the marine coast of Prydz Bay. From 5230 until 2750 cal. yr BP sea‐ice duration in Prydz Bay increased, with conditions similar to the present day. A short return to stratified, open water conditions and a reduction in nearshore winter sea‐ice extent is evident between 2750 and 2200 cal. yr BP. Simultaneously, reconstructions of lake water depth and salinity suggests relatively humid and warm conditions on land between 3000 and 2000 cal. yr BP, which corresponds to a Holocene Hypsithermal reported elsewhere in Antarctica. Finally, dry conditions are recorded around 2000, between 760 and 690, and between 280 and 140 cal. yr BP. These data are consistent with ice‐core records from Antarctica and support the hypothesis that lacustrine and marine sediments on land can be used to evaluate the effect of long‐term climate change on the terrestrial environment. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

山西省五台山—恒山地区脉状金矿成矿的地球动力学   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

田永清  王安建 《华北地质矿产杂志》1998,13(4):301-456

０　前　言（代序）该文集命名为“成矿的地球动力学”,表明它只是矿床学中一项较基础性的研究;把脉状金矿作为研究对象,则应属于金矿区域成矿学的范畴。展望２１世纪,资源、环境乃是人类生存与发展之本,因此矿床学所肩负的使命必将更加艰巨。虽然人类利用矿产资源已有数千年的历史,但作为地质科学的重要组成部分—矿床学到１６世纪中叶才萌芽,１９世纪才形成具有较完整理论的学科。如果说矿床学的基本任务是确定这种或那种矿床在地壳中的生成条件和分布规律,矿床的形成又非孤立和偶然的事件,它是一定地质构造背景和地质历史条件下…  相似文献   

云贵湖泊现代沉积物早期成岩过程中微量重金属地球化学行为研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

马英军 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》1998,(1)

云贵湖泊现代沉积物早期成岩过程中微量重金属地球化学行为研究＠马英军￥中国科学院地球化学研究所湖泊沉积物,孔隙水,微量重金属,早期成岩作用,地球化学相云贵湖泊现代沉积物早期成岩过程中微量重金属地球化学行为研究马英军（中国科学院地球化学研究所,贵阳５５０００２...  相似文献   

高原湖泊沉积物有机元素的早期成岩与湖泊营养演化研究     

王浩然 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》1998,(1)

高原湖泊沉积物有机元素的早期成岩与湖泊营养演化研究＠王浩然￥中国科学院地球化学研究所湖泊,有机质,早期成岩,营养演化,Ｒｅｄｆｉｅｌｄ比值,泸沽湖,洱海高原湖泊沉积物有机元素的早期成岩与湖泊营养演化研究王浩然（中国科学院地球化学研究所,贵阳５５０００２）...  相似文献   

辽东-吉南地区早元古代变质地体的组成及主要特征     

贺高品  叶慧文 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1998,(2)

在辽东－吉南地区存在两个性质不同的变质地体：辽北地体和辽南地体,二者之间以断裂带或韧性剪切带相接。辽北地体包括北辽河群和老岭群,辽南地体包括南辽河群和集安群。不同变质地体内的早元古代变质岩系在地层系统及岩石组合、原岩建造及沉积环境、变质作用类型及ｐＴｔ轨迹、区域构造和岩浆活动等方面都存在明显的差别。它们在早元古代时期形成于不同的大陆边缘,具有完全不同的形成条件和演化历史。两个变质地体最晚在早元古代晚期经构造作用拼贴在一起。  相似文献   

北秦岭晚古生代海槽与华北陆块石炭—二叠纪含煤岩系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

裴放 《地质通报》1998,(4)

南召柿树园组发现晚古生代孢子化石,证实存在北秦岭晚古生代海槽。西伯利亚板块与华北板块对接,导致华北陆块北缘自早石炭世接受海侵,海水由北向南侵进,注入北秦岭海槽。中石炭世—二叠纪在华北陆块沉积盆地内形成由北向南穿时,由下而上演化的陆表海—三角洲—河湖相沉积体系,伴随沼泽化和泥炭化,形成由北向南穿时的煤层。  相似文献   

Seed magnetic Fields Generated by Primordial Supernova Explosions     

Oswaldo D. Miranda  Merav Opher  & Reuven Opher 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,301(2):547-550

The origin of the magnetic field in galaxies is an open question in astrophysics. Several mechanisms have been proposed related, in general, to the generation of small seed fields amplified by a dynamo mechanism. In general, these mechanisms have difficulty in satisfying both the requirements of a sufficiently high strength for the magnetic field and the necessary large coherent scales. We show that the formation of dense and turbulent shells of matter, in the multiple explosion scenario of Miranda &38; Opher for the formation of the large-scale structures of the Universe, can naturally act as a seed for the generation of a magnetic field. During the collapse and explosion of Population III objects, a temperature gradient not parallel to a density gradient can naturally be established, producing a seed magnetic field through the Biermann battery mechanism. We show that seed magnetic fields ∼ 10⁻¹²–10⁻¹⁴ G can be produced in this multiple explosion scenario on scales of the order of clusters of galaxies (with coherence length L  ∼ 1.8 Mpc) and up to ∼ 4.5 × 10⁻¹⁰ G on scales of galaxies ( L  ∼ 100 kpc).  相似文献